Adapting Bloom's taxonomy for soft skills: a framework for 21st-century employability

Authors

  • Marcius Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul
  • Stefany
  • Greice De Rossi Instituto Euvaldo Lodi
  • Leandro Luza Instituto Euvaldo Lodi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20401/rasi.12.1.988

Keywords:

soft skills, youth employability, Bloom’s taxonomy, SEE Learning

Abstract

The 21st-century labor market, characterized by the rise of automation, demands intrinsically human skills and competencies known as soft skills. However, there is a notable gap in structured tools designed to assist young people in the self-directed development of these abilities, creating a mismatch between education and professional demands. This article aims to propose a theoretical instrument for self-learning in soft skills, targeting youth employability. The methodology involved adapting Bloom's Taxonomy for the socio-emotional domain by integrating its cognitive levels with the dimensions of the SEE Learning (Social, Emotional and Ethical Learning) method. The main result is a framework that generates structured attitudinal propositions, designed to guide individuals in building an autonomous development plan. The tool seeks to empower young people to cultivate the skills that differentiate them from machines, preparing them for contemporary professional challenges.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akundi, A., Euresti, D., Luna, S., Ankobiah, W., Lopes, A., & Edinbarough, I. (2022). State of Industry 5.0 – Analysis and identification of current research trends. Applied System Innovation, 5(1), 27-40. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/asi5010027. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Al Asefer, M., & Abidin, N. S. Z. (2021). Soft skills and graduates’ employability in the 21st century from employers’ perspectives: a review of literature. International Journal of Infrastructure Research and Management, 9(2), 44-59. Disponível em: https://iukl.edu.my/rmc/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/02/5.-Al-Asefer_compressed.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

America Succeeds, & Emsi Burning Glass (2021). The High Demand for Durable Skills. Disponível em: https://americasucceeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AmericaSucceeds-DurableSkills-NationalFactSheet-2021.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2000). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Edição Completa, Longman Publishing Group Editora.

Babu, A. R., Arulanand, N., & Chandran, V. S. (2020). Skill development through experiential learning–A case study for product development scenario. Procedia Computer Science, 172, 16-21. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.002. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Bikse, V., Grinevica, L., Rivza, B., & Rivza, P. (2022). Consequences and Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Impact on the development of Employability Skills. Sustainability, 14(12), 6970-6993. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126970. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain. 2ª Edição. Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd Editora.

Boyatzis, R. E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5–12. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810840730. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2025.

Botelho, L. L. R., Cunha, C. A., & Macedo, M. (2011). O método da revisão integrativa nos estudos organizacionais. Gestão e Sociedade, 5(11), 121-136. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.21171/ges.v5i11.1220. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Breque, M., De Nul, L., & Petridis, A. (2021). Industry 5.0: towards a sustainable, human-centric and resilient European industry. European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Publications Office of the European Union. Disponível em: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/308407. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Brook, C., & Pedler, M. (2020). Action learning in academic management education: A state of the field review. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(3), 100415. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100415. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Choi, T.-M., Kumar, S., Yue, X., & Chan, H-L. (2022). Disruptive technologies and operations management in the Industry 4.0 era and beyond. Production and Operations Management, 31(1), 9-31. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13622. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Ciasullo, M. V., Calabrese, M., & La Sala, A. (2023). Surfing across industrial revolutions: A resilient sensemaking perspective on innovation. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 00, 1-16. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22219. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Cognizant Centre for the Future of Work. (2021). 21 Jobs of the Future: a Guide to Getting – and Staying – Employed Over the Next 10 Years. Disponível em: https://www.cognizant.com/en_us/insights/documents/21-jobs-of-the-future-a-guide-to-getting-and-staying-employed-over-the-next-10-years-codex3049.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Dolev, N., Naamati-Schneider, L., & Meirovich, A. (2021). Making soft skills a part of the curriculum of healthcare studies. In: Firstenberg, M. S., Stawicki, S. P. Medical education for the 21st century. IntechOpen Editora.

Fareri, S., Fantoni, G., Chiarello, F., Coli, E., & Binda, A. (2020). Estimating Industry 4.0 impact on job profiles and skills using text mining. Computers in industry, 118, 103222. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103222. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Gagnidze, I. (2023). Industry 4.0 and industry 5.0: can clusters deal with the challenges? (A systemic approach). Kybernetes, 52(7), 2270-2287. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2022-1005. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Haselberger, D., Oberhuemer, P., Perez, E., Cinque, M., & Fabio Capasso. (2012). Mediating Soft Skills at Higher Education Institutions: Guidelines for the design of learning situations supporting soft skills achievement. Education and Culture DG Lifelong Learning Programme, European Union, 1-133. Disponível em: https://gea-college.si/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/MODES_handbook_en.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Huang, S., Wang, B., Li, X., Zheng, P., Mourtzis, D., & Wang, L. (2022). Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0—Comparison, complementation and co-evolution. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 64 424-428. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.07.010. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Jinpa, T. (2016). Um Coração Sem Medo: Porque a compaixão é o segredo mais bem guardado da felicidade. 1ª Edição. Sextante Editora.

Khajeghyasi, R. V., Liaghatdar, M. J., & Nili, M. R. (2023). Requirements of Process-Oriented Integration of Soft Skills in Dentistry Basic Science Courses: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 11(2), 86-94. Disponível em: https://10.30476/jamp.2022.93624.1540. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Kolade, O., & Owoseni, A. (2022). Employment 5.0: The work of the future and the future of work. Technology in Society, 71, 102086. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102086. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Kotsiou, A., Hall, H., Fajardo-Tovar, D. D., Cowhitt, T., Major, L., & Rupert Wegerif. (2022) A scoping review of Future Skills frameworks. Irish Educational Studies, 41(1), 171-186. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.2022522. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024

Leng, J., Sha, W., Wang, B., Zheng, P., Zhuang, C., Liu, Q., Wuest, T., Mourtzis, D., & Wang, L. (2022). Industry 5.0: Prospect and retrospect. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 65, 279-295. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.09.017. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Linkedin Talent Solutions. (2019). LinkedIn Global Talent Trends. Disponível em: https://business.linkedin.com/content/dam/me/business/en-us/talent-solutions/resources/pdfs/global-talent-trends-2019-old.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Lyu, W., & Liu, J. (2021). Soft skills, hard skills: What matters most? Evidence from job postings. Applied Energy, 300, 117307. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117307. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Maddikunta, P. K. R., Pham, Q. V., Prabadevi, B., Deepa, N., Dev, K., Gadekallu, T. R., Ruby, R., & Liyanage, M. (2022). Industry 5.0: A survey on enabling technologies and potential applications. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 26, 100257. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100257. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

McKinsey Global Institute. (2018). Skill Shift – Automation and the Future of the Workforce. Disponível em: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/skill-shift-automation-and-the-future-of-the-workforce. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Mohajan, H. K. (2019). The First Industrial Revolution: Creation of a New Global Human Era. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(4), 377-387. Disponível em: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/96644/1/MPRA_paper_96644.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., & PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1, 2015. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Monster. (2021). The Future of Work 2021: Global Hiring Outlook. Disponível em: https://media.newjobs.com/cms/content30/images/Future-of-Work_2021-Global-Outlook.report.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Navarrete-Requena, M. C. (2023). Utilización de Flipped Classroom para el aprendizaje en el aula de FOL. (Dissertação de Mestrado, Área de Educação, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Colômbia).

Nedelkoska, L., & Quintini G. (2018). Automation, skills use and training. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 202. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1787/2e2f4eea-en. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Nesterenko, S. (2024). Genesis of the concepts of «competence» and «competency» in pedagogical thought. Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Education. Social and Behavioural Sciences. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.32755/sjeducation.2024.01.220. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2025.

Ngah, A. H., Kamalrulzamanb, N. I., Ibrahimb, F., Osmanc, N. A. A., & Ariffin, N. A. (2021). The effect of soft skills, ethics, and value on the willingness of employers to continue recruiting UMT graduates. Management Science Letters, 11(5), 1689-1698. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.12.002. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Nuvolari, A. (2019). Understanding successive industrial revolutions: A “development block” approach. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 32, 33-44. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2018.11.002. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

OCDE. (2019). Learning for the Jobs of the Future. Disponível em: https://www.oecd.org/skills/learning-jobs-future.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

OCDE. (2019). Skills for 2030. Disponível em: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/teaching-and-learning/learning/skills/Skills_for_2030_concept_note.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Okolie, U. C., Nwosu, H. E., & Mlanga, S. (2019). Graduate employability: How the higher education institutions can meet the demand of the labour market. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(4), 620-636. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-09-2018-0089. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Ordoñez, A. M., Camargo, F., & Higashi, P. (2023). Planejamento e gestão da aprendizagem por competências além do conteúdo na educação Superior. 1ª Edição. Penso Editora.

Poláková, M., Suleimanová, J. H., Madzík, P., Copuš, L., Molnárová, I., & Polednová, J. (2023) Soft skills and their importance in the labour market under the conditions of Industry 5.0. Heliyon, 9(8), e18670. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18670. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). Will Robots Really Steal Our Jobs?. Disponível em: https://www.pwc.co.uk/economic-services/assets/international-impact-of-automation-feb-2018.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Rao, M. S. (2018). Soft skills: toward a sanctimonious discipline. On the Horizon, 26(3), 215-224. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-06-2017-0034. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Ricieri, D. V., Barreto, R. V. G., Souza, F. R., & Farias, A. M. G. (2023). Rotina AUDI-GPTedu: reciclando conteúdo de slides com auditoria de objetivos de aprendizagem usando o Chat-GPT e taxonomia de Bloom. In: Anais do IV Congresso Brasileiro Interdisciplinar em Ciências e Tecnologias. On-line, IV Cobicet, 2023, 1-9.

Römgens, I., Scoupe, R., & Beausaert, S. (2020). Unraveling the concept of employability, bringing together research on employability in higher education and the workplace. Studies in Higher Education, 45(12), 2588-2603. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1623770. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

SEE Learning. (2019). Aprendizagem social, emocional & ética: educando o coração e a mente. (Aprendizagem SEE). Universidade Emory.

Shah, N., Gupta, P., & Singh, T. (2024). Skill or Competency: What Should we be Assessing? Indian pediatrics. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-024-3135-y. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2025.

Sindhwani, R., Afridi, S., Kumar, A., Banaitis, A., Luthra, S., & Singh, P. L. (2022). Can industry 5.0 revolutionize the wave of resilience and social value creation? A multi-criteria framework to analyze enablers. Technology in Society, 68, 101887. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101887. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Sokhanvar, Z., Salehi, K., & Sokhanvar, F. (2021). Advantages of authentic assessment for improving the learning experience and employability skills of higher education students: A systematic literature review. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 70, 101030. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2021.101030. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Souza, F. M., Ferreira Filho, H. R., Ramos, N. C., Ferreira, A. O., Galdino, S. D. A. V., Silveira, S. C. T., Silva, V. C. P., & Silva, G. M. S. (2023). Competência - um olhar sobre o indivíduo na perspectiva social. Revista de Gestão e Secretariado, 14(10), 17885–17895. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i10.3005. Acesso em 26 jul. 2025.

Succi, C., & Canovi, M. (2020). Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perceptions. Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), 1834-1847. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Succi, C., & Wieandt, M. (2019). Walk the talk: soft skills’ assessment of graduates. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 114-125. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-01-2019-0011. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Thornhill-Miller, B., Camarda, A., Mercier, M., Burkhardt, J. M., Morisseau, T., Bourgeois-Bougrine, S., Vinchon, F., El Hayek, S., Augereau-Landais, M., Mourey, F., Feybesse, C., Sundquist, D., & Lubart, T. (2023). Creativity, Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration: Assessment, Certification, and Promotion of 21st Century Skills for the Future of Work and Education. Journal of Intelligence, 11(3), 54. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030054. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Vanitha, P., & Jaganathan, A. T. (2018). A Study on Enhancing Employability Skills of Graduates in India. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2(2), 947-951. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd9561. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Van Laar, E., Van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Van Dijk, J. A. G. M., & Haan, J. (2020). Determinants of 21st-Century Skills and 21st-Century Digital Skills for Workers: A Systematic Literature Review. SAGE Open, 10(1). Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900176. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Xu, X., Lu, Y., Vogel-Heuser, B., & Wang, L. (2021). Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 – Inception, conception, and perception. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 61, 530-535. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.10.006. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Xu, M., David, J. M., & Kim, S. H. (2018). The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Financial Research, 9(2), 90-95. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n2p90. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Wolcott, S. K., & Sargent, M. J. (2021). Critical thinking in accounting education: Status and call to action. Journal of Accounting Education, 56, 100731. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2021.100731. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

World Economic Forum. (2023). The Future of Jobs Report. Disponível em: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2023.pdf. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2024.

Zabala, A., & Arnau, L. (2020). Métodos para ensinar competências. 1ª Edição. Penso Editora.

Published

2026-01-02

Issue

Section

Scientific papers