National port development policies: same problems, different solutions?

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20401/rasi.3.2.175

Palavras-chave:

reforma portuária, políticas públicas, regulamento, desregulamentação, integração da cadeia de abastecimento

Resumo

Os governos nacionais em diferentes contextos comerciais e marítimos muitas vezes enfrentam uma série de questões críticas comuns aos sistemas portuários, mas as políticas governamentais, os processos e a regulamentação associadas podem diferir significativamente. Por que isto ocorre? Os portos são elementos essenciais nas cadeias de abastecimento orientadas para o comércio e, nos últimos trinta anos, foram submetidos a uma ampla reforma global. Isso resultou em um mercado desregulamentado geralmente associado a programas de desnacionalização, privatização ou corporativização que visavam, entre outros objetivos, aumentar a eficiência; atrair investimentos adicionais do setor privado; e para facilitar as interfaces terra / porto, desenvolvendo cadeias de suprimentos integradas. A questão da reforma portuária atraiu pesquisas importantes em todo o mundo com foco em países ou regiões particulares, no entanto, houve menos ênfase na comparação de países em diferentes contextos. Este artigo procura preencher essa lacuna e compara as principais características da reforma, da política governamental e regulação em três jurisdições nacionais: Austrália, Brasil e Itália. Destaca as diferenças, semelhanças e aspectos comuns: a privatização total ou parcial, o modelo landlord e os regimes regulatórios promulgados. Examina ainda o grau de envolvimento do setor privado; os papéis de intermediação do governo e regulação em um mercado cada vez mais desregulado. Conclui que a política de privatização dos portos permanece, lamentável, mas não surpreendentemente, uma questão intensamente divisória e profundamente política e politizada.

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Biografia do Autor

Ross Robinson, Victoria University, Melbourne

In memorium

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Publicado

2017-12-12

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Artigos Científicos